Dental Erosion: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Dental Erosion: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

01/07/2024

Dental erosion, also known as tooth erosion, is a prevalent condition affecting individuals of all ages. It involves the gradual loss of the tooth’s hard surface, the enamel, due to chemical processes that do not involve bacteria.

Understanding the causes, prevention methods, and treatment options for dental erosion is essential for maintaining long-term oral health.

Causes of Dental Erosion

The primary cause of dental erosion is the exposure of teeth to acids. These acids can come from external sources like dietary intake or from internal sources such as gastric acids, in the case of conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Dietary Acids

Common dietary sources of acids include citrus fruits, such as oranges and lemons; carbonated beverages, which contain phosphoric and citric acids; and vinegar-based products. Frequent consumption of these foods and drinks can lead to the erosion of enamel over time.

Internal Acids

Acid reflux and certain medical conditions can cause stomach acids to enter the mouth, which are highly erosive. This is often seen in individuals with GERD or those who experience frequent vomiting, such as might occur with bulimia or alcohol abuse.

Environmental Factors

Environmental exposure to acids, such as chlorine in swimming pools, can also contribute to dental erosion. Occupational hazards, such as exposure to industrial acids, are less common but potentially severe causes.

Prevention of Dental Erosion

Preventing dental erosion involves both lifestyle modifications and proper dental care.

Dietary Changes

Limiting the intake of acidic foods and drinks is crucial. Drinking acidic beverages with a straw and rinsing the mouth with water after consuming acidic foods can help minimise exposure.

Oral Hygiene

Maintaining good oral hygiene is vital. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to protect tooth enamel. Avoid brushing immediately after consuming acidic foods or drinks, as this can cause more harm than good.

Regular Dental Check-ups

Frequent visits to the dentist can help catch early signs of erosion and allow for the implementation of preventive measures before significant damage occurs.

Treatment of Dental Erosion

Once erosion occurs, treatment focuses on restoring the tooth and preventing further damage.

Fluoride Treatments

Professional fluoride treatments can help strengthen the enamel, making it more resistant to acids.

Bonding

In cases where erosion has caused significant damage, dental bonding using a tooth-coloured resin may be applied to protect the tooth and restore aesthetics.

Veneers or Crowns

For severe erosion, a dentist might recommend dental veneers or dental crowns to cover and protect the damaged teeth.

Addressing Medical Issues

If dental erosion is linked to a medical condition, managing that condition is essential. This might include treatment for GERD or eating disorders.

Understanding the mechanisms and risks of dental erosion is the first step towards protecting your dental health. By taking proactive steps to minimise acid exposure and seeking appropriate dental care, you can help preserve your smile for years to come.